![]() ![]() DOK provides a common language that can be used to determine the degree to which the complexity of cognitive engagement, explicit in. ![]() There is geographical variation in the distribution of precipitation: during June to September heavy rainfall is concentrated to the west of the country, whereas between October and March, heavy rainfall is predominantly found in the country’s eastern regions. One of us (Norman Webb) developed the Depth of Knowledge (DOK) framework in the late 1990s precisely for this purpose: to categorize expectations and tasks according to the complexity of engagement required. Where temperature differences do exist, such as in Baguio City where the daily mean temperature is 19.6☌, elevation is significant factor. There is minimal spatial variation in temperatures across the country. The mean annual temperature is 27.1☌, with a relatively low seasonal temperature variation of approximately 3☌. The Philippines’ hottest months are April and May, with the coldest months experienced during December, January and February. The Philippines also experiences strong periodic droughts that are linked to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Convective rainfall is common due to the country’s mountainous terrain, interspersed with narrow coastal plains. Rainfall is governed by the southwest monsoons in the summer months, and by the northeast monsoon and tropical cyclones in the winter. Humidity levels are high, averaging around 82% due to the warm moist trade winds that flow through the archipelago, as well as sea surface temperatures, a rich and vibrant vegetative cover and abundant rainfall. Temperatures are generally high, particularly in the valleys and plains, averaging 27☌ throughout the year. Average annual rainfall is approximately 2,348 millimeters (mm), but this varies geographically, from 960 mm in southeast Mindanao to over 4,050 mm in central Luzon. The Philippines has a humid equatorial climate characterized by high temperatures and heavy rainfall. ![]()
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